Non-linear harmonics in EIS of batteries with lithium anodes: Proper controls and analysis

Non-linear Harmonic Analysis is used to investigate the distortions accompanying Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The emerge from non-linearity and non-stationarity due underlying redox reactions as well capacitance. Identifying each response its source crucial correlate obtained harmonics their corresponding electrochemical processes. In this study, we identify of Galvanostatic-EIS measurements Lithium Primary Batteries by means comparing mathematical simulations experimental were performed on RC-based equivalent circuit models, which showed presence certain distortions. displayed in form both case batteries. level either similar or higher than simulated RC circuits at different frequencies. compared highlights importance control before analysis non-linear EIS galvanostatically excited.